Operational Amplifier -- semiconductor amplifier characterized by
high gain and high internal resistance.
OR
Logic gate whose output is a binary 1 if any of its inputs is a 1;
zero otherwise.
Oscillator
Circuit that produces an alternating voltage (current) when
supplied by a steady (DC) energy source.
Osmosis
The flow of solvent into a solution through a semi-permeable
membrane.
Osmotic pressure (π)
The pressure that must be applied to a solution to stop osmosis: π
= MRT.
Oxidation
The removal of one or more electrons from an atom, ion or
molecule.
p-Type semiconductor
A semiconductor for which the predominant charge carriers
responsible for electrical conduction are holes.
Package
Protective enclosure for a chip or a sensor, typically made of
plastic or ceramic.
Paramagnetism
A relatively weak form of magnetism resulting from the independent
alignment of atomic dipoles (magnetic) with an applied magnetic
field. Also a type of induced magnetism, associated with unpaired
electrons, that causes a substance to be zapped into the inducing
magnetic field.
Permeability [µ]
From the relation between magnetic induction and magnetic field (B
= µH); for free space, µ0 =
1.26 × 10-6 H/m.
